Sample Survey of Tea Small Holdings - 2008
Sri Lanka, 2007
Reference ID
LKA-DCS-STSH-2008-v1.0
Producer(s)
Department of Census and Statistics
Metadata
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Jan 05, 2023
Last modified
Jan 05, 2023
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Identification
Survey ID Number
LKA-DCS-STSH-2008-v1.0
Title
Sample Survey of Tea Small Holdings - 2008
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Sri Lanka | LKA |
Study type
Agricultural Survey [ag/oth]
Series Information
Tea Small Holding Development Authority (TSHDA) of the Ministry of Plantation Industries has made a request to the Agriculture and Environment Division of the Department of Census and Statistics (DCS) to carry out a sample survey on Tea Small Holdings with a view to review the situation in the Tea Small Holding sector on number of aspects such as status of production, cultural practices, effectiveness of current extension programs, labor shortages, etc., enable them to implement appropriate policies to enhance the production capacities. In the year 2005 a Census covering whole sector was undertaken by the DCS in collaboration with the TSHDA in which a data base comprising an index of Tea Small Holdings was established in addition to the overall analysis made in-respect of this sector by collecting number of important variables.
This was a sample survey done in the year of 2007 which was a small scale survey done in a very short time.
This was a sample survey done in the year of 2007 which was a small scale survey done in a very short time.
Abstract
Tea Small Holding Development Authority (TSHDA) of the Ministry of Plantation Industries has made a request to the Agriculture and Environment Division of the Department of Census and Statistics (DCS) to carry out a sample survey on Tea Small Holdings with a view to review the situation in the Tea Small Holding sector on number of aspects such as status of production, cultural practices, effectiveness of current extension programs, labor shortages, etc., enable them to implement appropriate policies to enhance the production capacities. In the year 2005 a Census covering whole sector was undertaken by the DCS in collaboration with the TSHDA in which a data base comprising an index of Tea Small Holdings was established in addition to the overall analysis made in-respect of this sector by collecting number of important variables.
The joint responsibilities in conducting the Census were shared by two organizations as follows.
·TSHDA- All logistic, drafting of questionnaires, Financial support
·DCS -Training of Enumerators, technical guidance, drafting of questionnaires and statistical tables, data processing and allied activities
It is to be noted, this was a small scale survey done in a very short time. The coverage was limited to 2.81 percent of the total number of Tea Small Holdings and about 2.07 percent of total extent under tea reported at the Census of Tea Small Holdings 2005. Total number of holdings covered by this survey was 11,042 which are confined to 9 tea growing district in the country. For the purpose of implementation of extension programs, the indicators interpreted in terms of percentage terms in the set of tables given in the annex could be valuable set of data with regards different aspects in order to study the existing situation in the industry and thereby take correct decision in the wellbeing of the families associated in the tea cultivation. It has been found that many indicators which were computed by the previous Census of Tea Small Holdings and this survey are comparable and consistent and also with known factors. For instance the average yields computed here would be justifiable in this regard.
Another indicator computed through this survey on Average Family is size 4.04 and it is very consistent with many recently undertaken surveys by the DCS. Out of the total number of tea small holding Operators in the sample of 11,042, about 65 percent derive their income as main source from agricultural activities and out of the total 52 percent had stated the main income source is Tea cultivation.
As expected, it has been observed that the quality of the information provided by enumerators in-respect of the questions on land utilization (Q.2), Input applications (Q.3) which is meant to describe cost of production and labor utilization (Q.9) were not up to the standards due to number of reasons such as; answers not consistent, not within the range, not logical with the practices, ambiguous and not relevant. This is mainly due the complexity of questions and needed highly experienced and well trained enumerators. Therefore, no any table was provided pertaining to those questions in this report.
The joint responsibilities in conducting the Census were shared by two organizations as follows.
·TSHDA- All logistic, drafting of questionnaires, Financial support
·DCS -Training of Enumerators, technical guidance, drafting of questionnaires and statistical tables, data processing and allied activities
It is to be noted, this was a small scale survey done in a very short time. The coverage was limited to 2.81 percent of the total number of Tea Small Holdings and about 2.07 percent of total extent under tea reported at the Census of Tea Small Holdings 2005. Total number of holdings covered by this survey was 11,042 which are confined to 9 tea growing district in the country. For the purpose of implementation of extension programs, the indicators interpreted in terms of percentage terms in the set of tables given in the annex could be valuable set of data with regards different aspects in order to study the existing situation in the industry and thereby take correct decision in the wellbeing of the families associated in the tea cultivation. It has been found that many indicators which were computed by the previous Census of Tea Small Holdings and this survey are comparable and consistent and also with known factors. For instance the average yields computed here would be justifiable in this regard.
Another indicator computed through this survey on Average Family is size 4.04 and it is very consistent with many recently undertaken surveys by the DCS. Out of the total number of tea small holding Operators in the sample of 11,042, about 65 percent derive their income as main source from agricultural activities and out of the total 52 percent had stated the main income source is Tea cultivation.
As expected, it has been observed that the quality of the information provided by enumerators in-respect of the questions on land utilization (Q.2), Input applications (Q.3) which is meant to describe cost of production and labor utilization (Q.9) were not up to the standards due to number of reasons such as; answers not consistent, not within the range, not logical with the practices, ambiguous and not relevant. This is mainly due the complexity of questions and needed highly experienced and well trained enumerators. Therefore, no any table was provided pertaining to those questions in this report.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
· Tea Small Holding
The same definition used in Tea Control act No. 51 of 1957 was adopted in this Survey as in the other Tea Censuses. According to this definition the “Small Holding” was defined as “the land cultivated with tea and managed on private basis irrespective of size of land”. By this definition all estates or holdings owned and managed by the state are excluded
The same definition used in Tea Control act No. 51 of 1957 was adopted in this Survey as in the other Tea Censuses. According to this definition the “Small Holding” was defined as “the land cultivated with tea and managed on private basis irrespective of size of land”. By this definition all estates or holdings owned and managed by the state are excluded
Version
Version Description
V1.0: Full edited dataset, for internal DPD Use
Version Date
2009-10-06
Scope
Notes
The scope of this survey covered the following:
1. Identification Information
2. Household information of the Tea Small Holding owner
3. Location of the tea holding, nature of cultivation, kind of tea, harvest, upkeep
4. Application of fertilizer and chemicals
5. Utilization of implements
6. Tea pruning
7. Utilization of labour
8. Subject related to cultivation activities such as concessions, labour shortages etc
9. Promotional services received
10. Operational expertise, loans obtained, communication and audio-visual facilities available
1. Identification Information
2. Household information of the Tea Small Holding owner
3. Location of the tea holding, nature of cultivation, kind of tea, harvest, upkeep
4. Application of fertilizer and chemicals
5. Utilization of implements
6. Tea pruning
7. Utilization of labour
8. Subject related to cultivation activities such as concessions, labour shortages etc
9. Promotional services received
10. Operational expertise, loans obtained, communication and audio-visual facilities available
Topics
| Topic | Vocabulary | URI |
|---|---|---|
| agricultural, forestry and rural industry [2.1] | CESSDA | Link |
Keywords
| Keyword | Vocabulary |
|---|---|
| Tea Small Holding | The same definition used in Tea Control act No. 51 of 1957 was adopted in this Survey as in the other Tea Censuses. According to this definition the “Small Holding” was defined as “the land cultivated with tea and managed on private basis irrespective of size of land”. By this definition all estates or holdings owned and managed by the state are excluded. |
| Mature Tea | Tea Extent or bushes that are in the plucking stage including the extent/bushes already pruned |
| Immature Tea | Newly planted or replanted tea extent/bushes |
| Abandoned Tea | The extent/bushes not plucking and abandoned due to reasons such as not profitable, too old, no labors to pluck them, or legal problem of the land, etc. |
| VP Tea | Vegetatively propagated cultivars that are giving higher yields. |
| Seedling Tea | Vegetatively Tea plants germinated from tea seeds |
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
National Coverage
Universe
Tea Small Holdings : were considered as secondary sampling units (ssu) and in order to select holdings for enumeration in the selected GN Division (GND), following criteria were used.
(a). If the total number of TSH are less than or equal to 100 in the GND, then whole set to be included in the sample for enumeration.
(b). If the total number of TSH are greater than 100 in the GND, then enumeration was restricted up to the maximum of 100 according to the list in order.
(a). If the total number of TSH are less than or equal to 100 in the GND, then whole set to be included in the sample for enumeration.
(b). If the total number of TSH are greater than 100 in the GND, then enumeration was restricted up to the maximum of 100 according to the list in order.
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Department of Census and Statistics | Ministry of Finance and Planning |
Producers
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Tea Small Holdings Development Authority | Ministry of Plantation Industries | All logistic, drafting of questionnaires, Financial support |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Tea Small Holdings Development Authority | TSHA | Source of funds |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
Two stage sampling design was adopted in this survey. In the first stage to represent each and every Tea Inspectors Range (TI) one Grama Niladari Division (GND) division each was selected randomly where there were altogether 126 such GN divisions as primary sampling units (psu). However, it is to note that for the selection of psu, qualifying clause was that the particular GN should have at least 50 Tea Small Holdings (TSH) at the time of Census 2005. In the second stage “Tea Small Holdings” were considered as secondary sampling units (ssu) and in order to select holdings for enumeration in the selected GN division, following criteria were used.
(a). If the total number of TSH are less than or equal to 100 in the GND, then whole set to be included in the sample for enumeration.
(b). If the total number of TSH are greater than 100 in the GND, then enumeration was restricted up to the maximum of 100 according to the list in order.
(a). If the total number of TSH are less than or equal to 100 in the GND, then whole set to be included in the sample for enumeration.
(b). If the total number of TSH are greater than 100 in the GND, then enumeration was restricted up to the maximum of 100 according to the list in order.
Response Rate
The distribution of the sample and response is given in the following table.
1. Kalutara 97.7
2. Kandy 79.9
3. Matale 86.41
4. Nuwara Eliya 95.82
5. Galle 95.56
6. Matara 97.26
7. Badulla 98.03
8. Ratnapura 96.6
9. Kegalle 94.05
Total 95.15
1. Kalutara 97.7
2. Kandy 79.9
3. Matale 86.41
4. Nuwara Eliya 95.82
5. Galle 95.56
6. Matara 97.26
7. Badulla 98.03
8. Ratnapura 96.6
9. Kegalle 94.05
Total 95.15
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2007 | 2007 |
Data Collection Mode
Face-to-face [f2f]
Supervision
A team of Enumerators were selected with the help of Statistical Officers attached to the respective Divisional Secretariat in consultation with Grama Niladari (GN) or Agriculture Research and Production Assistants (ARPA) in their jurisdictions. Those who have passed GCE (AL)/GCE (OL) and who are members of Tea growing households were qualified to be when selecting of Enumerators. A team comprising senior officials of the Agriculture Division of DCS and TSHDA visited each district in order to impart the training for selected Enumerators. Statistical Officers under the direction of Deputy Director/Senior Statisticians/Statisticians in the Statistics Branches attached to respective District Secretariat have been entrusted the responsibilities of supervision and guidance for data collection. Following remarks pertaining to experiences could be important guide lines for the future undertaking of this type of enumeration in this field.
· The Enumerators identified were given a half day brief training but the time devoted for the training was not sufficient due to the complexity and the lengthy questionnaire used in this exercise.
· Enumerators were selected from their respective GN divisions in the sample with in each Divisional Secretariat and brought them for their training to a Central Place either District Secretariat in the District Capital or Regional Offices of TSHDA. As such they had to travel a long distance, as a result the Training Classes commenced very lately in the day near noon. Therefore, devoting sufficient time for through training was not practical.
· The whole team of Enumerators identified at the initial stage was not participated in training program due to the time lag between the selection of Enumerators and the training dates. This was due to delays in preliminary activities like printing of forms and some logistic. As a result, some of Enumerators were trained by DCS and TSHDA Officials from Colombo on the first day and the Enumerators who did not attend the training class on that date were expelled out and had to select an alternative team. Training for this group was imparted by Officials of the Region in a next day. Therefore, precautions are to be taken for the uniformity of training.
· Time allowed for field work was very short and done in a rush in order to utilize financial provisions during the year 2007. We found that few Enumerators had quit the job half the way due to one more reasons. There was no sufficient time to coach them by Supervisors.
Considering these reasons, we had to deploy office staff to check, verify, re-arrange and correct erroneous entries in the filled questionnaires. Therefore, workload on editing was heavy than it was anticipated at the beginning
· The Enumerators identified were given a half day brief training but the time devoted for the training was not sufficient due to the complexity and the lengthy questionnaire used in this exercise.
· Enumerators were selected from their respective GN divisions in the sample with in each Divisional Secretariat and brought them for their training to a Central Place either District Secretariat in the District Capital or Regional Offices of TSHDA. As such they had to travel a long distance, as a result the Training Classes commenced very lately in the day near noon. Therefore, devoting sufficient time for through training was not practical.
· The whole team of Enumerators identified at the initial stage was not participated in training program due to the time lag between the selection of Enumerators and the training dates. This was due to delays in preliminary activities like printing of forms and some logistic. As a result, some of Enumerators were trained by DCS and TSHDA Officials from Colombo on the first day and the Enumerators who did not attend the training class on that date were expelled out and had to select an alternative team. Training for this group was imparted by Officials of the Region in a next day. Therefore, precautions are to be taken for the uniformity of training.
· Time allowed for field work was very short and done in a rush in order to utilize financial provisions during the year 2007. We found that few Enumerators had quit the job half the way due to one more reasons. There was no sufficient time to coach them by Supervisors.
Considering these reasons, we had to deploy office staff to check, verify, re-arrange and correct erroneous entries in the filled questionnaires. Therefore, workload on editing was heavy than it was anticipated at the beginning
Data Collection Notes
It was not possible to cover three GN divisions out of 131 psu due to the lack of co-operation from selected Enumerators, and they are located two in Ratnapura District and one in Kalutara District respectively.. The reasons for the lower response rate in the Districts of Matale and Kandy is attributed to erroneous report with regards to the number TSH drawn from the database of the Census 2005 as result of a program error in which the list of sample drawn found to be duplicated. In addition to that non-existence of tea crop at the time of data collection in the holdings, inability to meet relevant operators with in the duration of fortnight allocated for enumeration were among the other reasons attributed in many districts for non-responses.
It was decided to carry out this survey confining to major tea growing districts, since the cultivated extent of tea and number of holdings in the administrative districts of Hambantota, Moneragala, Gampaha, Colombo and Kurunegala considered to be insignificant,. As such out of the total number of 147 TI Ranges in the Island psu were limited to only 131 divisions.
It was decided to carry out this survey confining to major tea growing districts, since the cultivated extent of tea and number of holdings in the administrative districts of Hambantota, Moneragala, Gampaha, Colombo and Kurunegala considered to be insignificant,. As such out of the total number of 147 TI Ranges in the Island psu were limited to only 131 divisions.
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
Basically, one questionnaire which consists of five pages and formatted for data capture by mean of OCR (Scanning of Images) technology has been used for data collection in the field. The specific sample of Tea Small Holdings which was drawn from the data base established in the Census of Tea Small Holding 2005 was provided to the Enumerators enable them to fill up the required information in the main questionnaire of the survey. The sample of Tea Small Holdings in each GN/village was confined to a particular locality since it was made according to lie of the land during the Census 2005. While making the inventory of holdings (land) in the sample, the enumerators had been requested to visit and meet relevant operators and fill up the main questionnaire. This strategy was made in order to cut down the enumeration time.
Data Processing
Other Processing
The data processing activity was allied with three aspects as follows.
· Manual editing, coding and Verifications
· Scanning of questionnaires (OCR)
· Data tabulation
The first and third tasks were handled by the staff of the Agriculture and Environment Statistics Division of DCS while the scanning was made by the company known as “Sanje Lanka (Pvt) Ltd.” as on outsource basis.
· Manual editing, coding and Verifications
· Scanning of questionnaires (OCR)
· Data tabulation
The first and third tasks were handled by the staff of the Agriculture and Environment Statistics Division of DCS while the scanning was made by the company known as “Sanje Lanka (Pvt) Ltd.” as on outsource basis.
Access policy
Contacts
Confidentiality
Under the Statistical ordinance, micro data cannot be released with identifications for public use. Procedures are in place to ensure that information relating to any particular individual person, household or undertaking will be kept strictly confidential and will not be divulged to external parties. Information on individual or individual Household/establishment will not be divulged or published in such a form that will facilitate the identification of any particular person or establishment as the data have been collected under the Census/Statistical ordinance, according to which the information at individual level cannot be divulged and such information is strictly
confidential.
Access conditions
The dataset has been anonymized and is available as a Public Use Dataset. It is accessible to all for statistical and research purposes only, under the following terms and conditions:
1. The data and other materials will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organizations without the written agreement.
2. The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.
3. No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and no use will be made of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently.
4. No attempt will be made to produce links among datasets provided by the Department or among data from the Department and other datasets that could identify individuals or organizations.
5. Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports, or other publications that employ data obtained from the Department will cite the source of data in accordance with the Citation Requirement provided with each dataset.
6. An electronic copy of all reports and publications based on the requested data will be sent to the Department
The following rules apply to micro data released by the Department of Census and Statistics.
• Only the requests of Government Institutions, Recognized Universities, Students, and selected international agencies are entertained. However, the Data users are required to strictly adhere to the terms stipulated in the agreement form.
• All the data requests should be made to Director General (DG) of the DCS as the sole authority of releasing data is vested with the DG of the DCS. The DCS of Sri Lanka reserves sole right to approve or reject any data request made depending on the confidential nature of the data set and intended purpose of the study or analysis.
• Requests for micro data should be made through the agreement form designed by DCS for this purpose (Form D.R.1). The agreement form should be filled in triplicate and the Study/project proposal should accompany the filled agreement form. If requests are made for the micro data of more than one survey, a separate agreement should be signed.
• If the data request is from a student a letter from the respective Dept. Head/Dean/Supervisor, recommending the issue of data, should also be accompanied.
• If the request is approved only 25% of the data file is released at the first stage. The release of the total data file is considered only after reviewing the draft report prepared on the basis of the 25% sample data file.
• The released Data file should be used only for the specific study/Analysis mentioned in the agreement form and shall not be used for any other purpose without the prior approval of the Director General of the DCS. Moreover, Copies of the micro-data file, obtained from the DCS, shall not be given to anyone else without the prior written approval of the Director General of the DCS.
• The draft report of the Study/Analysis should be submitted to the DCS and the concurrence of the DG of the DCS, should be obtained before publishing it. Once published, a copy of the final report should be submitted to the DCS.
[Department : The Department of Census and Statistics (DCS)]
Source : http://www.statistics.gov.lk/databases/data dissemination/DataDissaPolicy_2007Oct26.pdf
1. The data and other materials will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organizations without the written agreement.
2. The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.
3. No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and no use will be made of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently.
4. No attempt will be made to produce links among datasets provided by the Department or among data from the Department and other datasets that could identify individuals or organizations.
5. Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports, or other publications that employ data obtained from the Department will cite the source of data in accordance with the Citation Requirement provided with each dataset.
6. An electronic copy of all reports and publications based on the requested data will be sent to the Department
The following rules apply to micro data released by the Department of Census and Statistics.
• Only the requests of Government Institutions, Recognized Universities, Students, and selected international agencies are entertained. However, the Data users are required to strictly adhere to the terms stipulated in the agreement form.
• All the data requests should be made to Director General (DG) of the DCS as the sole authority of releasing data is vested with the DG of the DCS. The DCS of Sri Lanka reserves sole right to approve or reject any data request made depending on the confidential nature of the data set and intended purpose of the study or analysis.
• Requests for micro data should be made through the agreement form designed by DCS for this purpose (Form D.R.1). The agreement form should be filled in triplicate and the Study/project proposal should accompany the filled agreement form. If requests are made for the micro data of more than one survey, a separate agreement should be signed.
• If the data request is from a student a letter from the respective Dept. Head/Dean/Supervisor, recommending the issue of data, should also be accompanied.
• If the request is approved only 25% of the data file is released at the first stage. The release of the total data file is considered only after reviewing the draft report prepared on the basis of the 25% sample data file.
• The released Data file should be used only for the specific study/Analysis mentioned in the agreement form and shall not be used for any other purpose without the prior approval of the Director General of the DCS. Moreover, Copies of the micro-data file, obtained from the DCS, shall not be given to anyone else without the prior written approval of the Director General of the DCS.
• The draft report of the Study/Analysis should be submitted to the DCS and the concurrence of the DG of the DCS, should be obtained before publishing it. Once published, a copy of the final report should be submitted to the DCS.
[Department : The Department of Census and Statistics (DCS)]
Source : http://www.statistics.gov.lk/databases/data dissemination/DataDissaPolicy_2007Oct26.pdf
Citation requirements
Department of Census and Statistics, Sample Survey of Tea Small Holdings 2008 [STSH 2008], Version 1.0 of the internal use dataset October 2009, provided by the National Data Archive, Data Processing Division, www.statistics.gov.lk"
Access authority
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Director General | Department of Census and Statistics | dgcensus@sltnet.lk | Link |
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The Department of Census and Statistics bears no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the secondary use of the data.
Copyright
(c) 2009, Department of Census and Statistics
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI-LKA-DCS-STSH-2008-v1.0
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Department of Census and Statistics | DCS | Ministry of Finance and Planning | Training of Enumerators, technical guidance, drafting of questionnaires and statistical tables, data processing and allied activities |
Date of Metadata Production
2009-10-06
DDI Document version
Version 1.0 (October 2009)