Demographic and Health Survey - 1993
Sri Lanka, 1993
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Reference ID
LKA-DCS-DHS-1993-v1.0
Producer(s)
Department of Census and Statistics (DCS)
Metadata
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Jan 05, 2023
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Identification
Survey ID Number
LKA-DCS-DHS-1993-v1.0
Title
Demographic and Health Survey - 1993
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| SRI LANKA | LKA |
Study type
Demographic and Health Survey [hh/dhs]
Series Information
The first comprehensive survey on fertility and family planning was conducted in 1975 by the Department of Census and Statistics (DCS). Since then the Department has conducted similar surveys in 1982, 1985, and 1987. The 1993 survey is therefore the fifth in the series. This sample survey is further intended to serve as a source of demographic data for comparison with earlier surveys, particularly with Sri Lanka Demographic and Health Survey 1987, in order to understand the demographic changes over the recent past.
Abstract
The major objective of this survey was to provide up-to-date and accurate information on fertility, contraception, child mortality, child nutrition and health status of children.
This sample survey is further intended to serve as a source of demographic data for comparison with earlier surveys such as Sri Lanka Demographic and Health Survey 1987 (DHS87) and Sri Lanka Contraceptive Prevalence Survey 1982 (CPS82). Such comparisons help to understand the demographic changes over a period of time.
Two types of questionnaires were used in the survey. ie (1) Household and (2) Individual.
Source : Report on Sri Lanka Demographic and Health Survey 1993 published in 1995
This sample survey is further intended to serve as a source of demographic data for comparison with earlier surveys such as Sri Lanka Demographic and Health Survey 1987 (DHS87) and Sri Lanka Contraceptive Prevalence Survey 1982 (CPS82). Such comparisons help to understand the demographic changes over a period of time.
Two types of questionnaires were used in the survey. ie (1) Household and (2) Individual.
Source : Report on Sri Lanka Demographic and Health Survey 1993 published in 1995
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
(1) Household
(2) Eligible women
(3) Children
(2) Eligible women
(3) Children
Version
Version Description
v1.0 : Full edited dataset, for internal DPD use.
Version Date
2008-02-27
Scope
Notes
The major objective of this survey was to provide up-to-date and accurate information on fertility, contraception, child mortality, child nutrition and health status of children. This information is intended to assist policy makers planners administrators and researchers in assessing and evaluating population and health programs as well as to plan new strategies for improving the health and well being of the population.
Topics
| Topic | Vocabulary | URI |
|---|---|---|
| HEALTH [8] | CESSDA | Link |
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
The country has been stratified into nine zones on the basis of socio economic and ecological criteria for DHS87. The same zones were used without major changes. Although there are nine zones the survey was confined to seven excluding Northern and Eastern provinces; the few areas covered in Amparai district in the Eastern Province during DHS87 had to be excluded due to security reasons of the country.
Universe
The survey interviews were designed to obtain responses from all usual residents and any visitors who slept in the household the night before the interview. An eligible respondent was defined as an ever married woman aged 15 - 49 years who slept in the household the night before the interview.
Source : Report on Sri Lanka Demographic and Health Survey 1993 published in 1995
Source : Report on Sri Lanka Demographic and Health Survey 1993 published in 1995
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Department of Census and Statistics (DCS) | Ministry of Finance and Planning |
Producers
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Health and Family Planning Project | Ministry of Health |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| IDA/World Bank | Funding |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
Sample size - 9230 households 7078 eligible women in 9007 housing units.
Selection process : The sample is a multi-stage stratified probability sample representative of the entire country excluding Northern and Eastern Provinces. The country has been stratified into nine zones on the basis of socio-economic and ecological criteria for DHS87. The same zones were used without major changes. Although there are nine zones the survey was confined to seven, excluding Northern and Eastern Provinces. The seven zones are:
Zone 1 - Colombo Metro consisting some urban areas in Colombo and Gampaha District
Zone 2 - Colombo feeder areas
Zone 3 - South Western coastal low lands
Zone 4 - Lower South Central hill country excluding Districts with a concentration of estates
Zone 5 - South Central hill country with a concentration of estates
Zone 6 - Irrigated dry zone with major or minor irrigation schemes
Zone 7 - Rain-fed Dry zone
Each zone was further stratified into three strata - urban, rural and estate sectors. The number of stages of the design and the Primary Sampling Units (PSU) vary according to the sector.
In urban areas PSU is the ward and generally two census blocks have been selected per ward as the second stage unit. The selections were carried out with probability proportional to size(PPS). The number of housing units was taken as the measure of size.
The PSU's were mostly selected from a specially organized frame consisting of wards and Grama Niladhari divisions organized by zone, sector and within sector geographically. The organization provided a better basis for stratification as it is arranged on a geographical basis.
The census blocks were selected from the only frame available from 1981 Census of Population and Housing. The ever married women aged 15-49 found in the selected housing units were interviewed.
In rural areas, Grama Niladhari (GN) division was taken as PSU and generally a single village has been selected per sample GN division with PPS. As such in rural areas villages form effective PSU's. However special steps were taken to merge and divide the villages to deal with areas which are too small or too large.
Unlike the GN divisions and wards, the selection in the estate sector has to take into account the fact that many estates are very small in size to form proper units for first stage of selection. To avoid the need to group estates in the whole frame special procedure was applied to select estates depending on the relative size of the estate compared to the nearby estates.
Selection process : The sample is a multi-stage stratified probability sample representative of the entire country excluding Northern and Eastern Provinces. The country has been stratified into nine zones on the basis of socio-economic and ecological criteria for DHS87. The same zones were used without major changes. Although there are nine zones the survey was confined to seven, excluding Northern and Eastern Provinces. The seven zones are:
Zone 1 - Colombo Metro consisting some urban areas in Colombo and Gampaha District
Zone 2 - Colombo feeder areas
Zone 3 - South Western coastal low lands
Zone 4 - Lower South Central hill country excluding Districts with a concentration of estates
Zone 5 - South Central hill country with a concentration of estates
Zone 6 - Irrigated dry zone with major or minor irrigation schemes
Zone 7 - Rain-fed Dry zone
Each zone was further stratified into three strata - urban, rural and estate sectors. The number of stages of the design and the Primary Sampling Units (PSU) vary according to the sector.
In urban areas PSU is the ward and generally two census blocks have been selected per ward as the second stage unit. The selections were carried out with probability proportional to size(PPS). The number of housing units was taken as the measure of size.
The PSU's were mostly selected from a specially organized frame consisting of wards and Grama Niladhari divisions organized by zone, sector and within sector geographically. The organization provided a better basis for stratification as it is arranged on a geographical basis.
The census blocks were selected from the only frame available from 1981 Census of Population and Housing. The ever married women aged 15-49 found in the selected housing units were interviewed.
In rural areas, Grama Niladhari (GN) division was taken as PSU and generally a single village has been selected per sample GN division with PPS. As such in rural areas villages form effective PSU's. However special steps were taken to merge and divide the villages to deal with areas which are too small or too large.
Unlike the GN divisions and wards, the selection in the estate sector has to take into account the fact that many estates are very small in size to form proper units for first stage of selection. To avoid the need to group estates in the whole frame special procedure was applied to select estates depending on the relative size of the estate compared to the nearby estates.
Deviations from the Sample Design
The target sample size was 6500 ever married women in the age group 15-49. This includes an over-sampling of around 500 women in five less developed areas in zones 6 and 7. The latter addition to the sample is needed to provide Policy relevant information and permit comparative analysis of these areas. In order to get that target sample, a total of 9007 housing units were selected for the survey.
Response Rate
Sample size - 9230 households 7078 eligible women in 9007 housing units.
Completed - 8918 households 6983 eligible women
Household response rate - 98.9%
Eligible women response rate - 98.7%
Overall response rate - 97.6%
Household interviews
Completed 96.6%
other(vacant, incompetent responder, refused etc) 3.4%
Un-weighted number 9230
Eligible women interviews
Completed 98.7%
Other(not in, refused, partly complete etc) 1.3%
Un-weighted number 7078
Completed - 8918 households 6983 eligible women
Household response rate - 98.9%
Eligible women response rate - 98.7%
Overall response rate - 97.6%
Household interviews
Completed 96.6%
other(vacant, incompetent responder, refused etc) 3.4%
Un-weighted number 9230
Eligible women interviews
Completed 98.7%
Other(not in, refused, partly complete etc) 1.3%
Un-weighted number 7078
Weighting
The report on Sri Lanka Demographic and Health Survey 1993 published in 1995, Page 12 gives the details of sample weights in a table named Household and Individual Weights by Zone. A scanned copy of this table is available in the External Resource Section of this archived version.
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 1993-07 | 1993-09 |
Data Collection Mode
Face-to-face [f2f]
Supervision
Each team had a supervisor. The supervisors were either statisticians or statistical officers of the DCS. The completed questionnaires were examined by supervisors in the field. A senior officer of DCS was appointed as the coordinator to check quality control procedures and solve logistic problems.
Data Collection Notes
Data collection was carried out by ten teams each consisting of five female interviewers, one measurer and an assistant to measure and record the height and weight of children and a supervisor. The interviewers and measurers were drawn from among statistical investigators of the department attached to the field offices and head office division.
The interviewers were trained in general interviewing techniques and field procedures. Mock interviews, practice sessions in the field were carried out.
Special lectures were held by experts on reproductive physiology, methods of contraception and anthropometric measurements of children. Interviewers were given special instructions on the items in the questionnaire to be checked before leaving the sample household. Supervisors were asked to edit filled questionnaires in the field during the evening following the interview.
The interviewers were trained in general interviewing techniques and field procedures. Mock interviews, practice sessions in the field were carried out.
Special lectures were held by experts on reproductive physiology, methods of contraception and anthropometric measurements of children. Interviewers were given special instructions on the items in the questionnaire to be checked before leaving the sample household. Supervisors were asked to edit filled questionnaires in the field during the evening following the interview.
Data Collectors
| Name | Abbreviation |
|---|---|
| Department of Census and Statistics | DCS |
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
Household Questionnaire - listed all usual residents any visitors who slept in the household the night before the interview and some basic information was collected on the characteristics of each person listed such as age, sex, marital status, relationship to head of household. The household questionnaire was used to identify women who were eligible for the individual questionnaire.
Individual questionnaire - Administered to each eligible woman who was defined as one who is an ever married female aged between 15 - 49 who slept in the household the night before the interview. This questionnaire had eight sections such as Respondent's background, Reproduction, Contraception, Health of children, Marriage, Fertility, Husband's background, length and weight of infants.
Source : Report on Sri Lanka Demographic and Health Survey 1993 published in 1995
Individual questionnaire - Administered to each eligible woman who was defined as one who is an ever married female aged between 15 - 49 who slept in the household the night before the interview. This questionnaire had eight sections such as Respondent's background, Reproduction, Contraception, Health of children, Marriage, Fertility, Husband's background, length and weight of infants.
Source : Report on Sri Lanka Demographic and Health Survey 1993 published in 1995
Data Processing
Data Editing
Manual editing covered basic investigations such as checking of identification details, completeness of the questionnaire, coding, age and birth history, checking of certain internal consistencies, checking the information recorded in filter questions and coding of few items.
Other Processing
The data processing was done on microcomputers and the data entry and computer editing was carried out using Integrated Micro Computer Processing System (IMPS) software package developed by US Bureau of The Census. Statistical Package for Social Services (SPSS) was used to obtain tabulations.
The anthropometric indices were calculated using ANTHRO software developed by Centre for Disease Control (CDC) and World Health Organization(WHO).
The anthropometric indices were calculated using ANTHRO software developed by Centre for Disease Control (CDC) and World Health Organization(WHO).
Data Appraisal
Estimates of Sampling Error
The sample of women had been selected as a simple sample, it would have been possible to use straightforward formulas for calculating sampling errors. However the sample design for this survey depended on stratification, stages and clusters. The computer package CLUSTERS developed by the International Statistical Institute for the World Fertility Survey was used to assist in computing the sampling errors with the proper statistical methodology.
In general, the sampling errors are small, which implies that the results are reliable.
In general, the sampling errors are small, which implies that the results are reliable.
Data Appraisal
Pl refer to the Source : Report on Sri Lanka Demographic and Health Survey 1993 published in 1995
Access policy
Contacts
Confidentiality
Under the Statistical Ordinance, micro data cannot be released with identifications for public use. Procedures are in place to ensure that information relating to any particular individual person, household or undertaking will be kept strictly confidential and will not be divulged to external parties. Information on individual or individual Household/establishment will not be divulged or published in such a form that will facilitate the identification of any particular person or establishment as the data have been collected under the Statistical Ordinance, according to which the information at individual level cannot be divulged and such information is strictly
confidential.
Access conditions
The dataset has been anonymized and is available as a Public Use Dataset. It is accessible to all for statistical and research purposes only, under the following terms and conditions:
1. The data and other materials will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organizations without the written agreement.
2. The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.
3. No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and no use will be made of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently.
4. No attempt will be made to produce links among datasets provided by the Department or among data from the Department and other datasets that could identify individuals or organizations.
5. Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports, or other publications that employ data obtained from the Department will cite the source of data in accordance with the Citation Requirement provided with each dataset.
6. An electronic copy of all reports and publications based on the requested data will be sent to the Department
The following rules apply to micro data released by the Department of Census and Statistics.
• Only the requests of Government Institutions, Recognized Universities, Students, and selected international agencies are entertained. However, the Data users are required to strictly adhere to the terms stipulated in the agreement form.
• All the data requests should be made to Director General (DG) of the DCS as the sole authority of releasing data is vested with the DG of the DCS. The DCS of Sri Lanka reserves sole right to approve or reject any data request made depending on the confidential nature of the data set and intended purpose of the study or analysis.
• Requests for micro data should be made through the agreement form designed by DCS for this purpose (Form D.R.1). The agreement form should be filled in triplicate and the Study/project proposal should accompany the filled agreement form. If requests are made for the micro data of more than one survey, a separate agreement should be signed.
• If the data request is from a student a letter from the respective Dept. Head/Dean/Supervisor, recommending the issue of data, should also be accompanied.
• If the request is approved only 25% of the data file is released at the first stage. The release of the total data file is considered only after reviewing the draft report prepared on the basis of the 25% sample data file.
• The released Data file should be used only for the specific study/Analysis mentioned in the agreement form and shall not be used for any other purpose without the prior approval of the Director General of the DCS. Moreover, Copies of the micro-data file, obtained from the DCS, shall not be given to anyone else without the prior written approval of the Director General of the DCS.
• The draft report of the Study/Analysis should be submitted to the DCS and the concurrence of the DG of the DCS, should be obtained before publishing it. Once published, a copy of the final report should be submitted to the DCS.
[Department : The Department of Census and Statistics (DCS)]
Source : http://www.statistics.gov.lk/databases/data%20dissemination/DataDissaPolicy_
1. The data and other materials will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organizations without the written agreement.
2. The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.
3. No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and no use will be made of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently.
4. No attempt will be made to produce links among datasets provided by the Department or among data from the Department and other datasets that could identify individuals or organizations.
5. Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports, or other publications that employ data obtained from the Department will cite the source of data in accordance with the Citation Requirement provided with each dataset.
6. An electronic copy of all reports and publications based on the requested data will be sent to the Department
The following rules apply to micro data released by the Department of Census and Statistics.
• Only the requests of Government Institutions, Recognized Universities, Students, and selected international agencies are entertained. However, the Data users are required to strictly adhere to the terms stipulated in the agreement form.
• All the data requests should be made to Director General (DG) of the DCS as the sole authority of releasing data is vested with the DG of the DCS. The DCS of Sri Lanka reserves sole right to approve or reject any data request made depending on the confidential nature of the data set and intended purpose of the study or analysis.
• Requests for micro data should be made through the agreement form designed by DCS for this purpose (Form D.R.1). The agreement form should be filled in triplicate and the Study/project proposal should accompany the filled agreement form. If requests are made for the micro data of more than one survey, a separate agreement should be signed.
• If the data request is from a student a letter from the respective Dept. Head/Dean/Supervisor, recommending the issue of data, should also be accompanied.
• If the request is approved only 25% of the data file is released at the first stage. The release of the total data file is considered only after reviewing the draft report prepared on the basis of the 25% sample data file.
• The released Data file should be used only for the specific study/Analysis mentioned in the agreement form and shall not be used for any other purpose without the prior approval of the Director General of the DCS. Moreover, Copies of the micro-data file, obtained from the DCS, shall not be given to anyone else without the prior written approval of the Director General of the DCS.
• The draft report of the Study/Analysis should be submitted to the DCS and the concurrence of the DG of the DCS, should be obtained before publishing it. Once published, a copy of the final report should be submitted to the DCS.
[Department : The Department of Census and Statistics (DCS)]
Source : http://www.statistics.gov.lk/databases/data%20dissemination/DataDissaPolicy_
Citation requirements
Department of Census and Statistics, Sri Lanka Demographic and Health Survey 1993 [DHS 1993], Version 1.0 of the public use dataset February, 2008, provided by the National Data Archive, Data Processing Division, www.statistics.gov.lk"
Access authority
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Director General | Department of Census and Statistics | dgcensus@sltnet.lk | Link |
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The Department of Census and Statistics bears no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the secondary use of the data.
Copyright
[c] 2008, Department of Census and Statistics
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI-LKA-DCS-DHS-1993-v1.0
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Population Census Division and Data Processing Division, Department of Census and Statistics | DCS | Ministry of Finance and Planning | Conducting the survey |
Date of Metadata Production
2008-02-27
DDI Document version
Version 1.0 (February 2008)