{"doc_desc":{"title":"CAS 2016","idno":"DDI-LKA-DCS-CAS-2016-V01","producers":[{"name":"Department  Census  & Statistics","abbreviation":"DCS","affiliation":"Ministry of Finance","role":"Data Collection"}],"prod_date":"2021-01-05","version_statement":{"version":"Version 01"}},"study_desc":{"title_statement":{"idno":"LKA-DCS-CAS-2016-V01","title":"Child Activity  Survey  2016","alt_title":"CAS  2016"},"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Department  of Census & Statistics","affiliation":"Ministry  of Finance"}],"production_statement":{"producers":[{"name":"Department of Census & Statistics","affiliation":"Ministry of Finance","role":"Data collection,analysing and publishing"},{"name":"International Labour Organization","affiliation":"","role":""}],"copyright":"(C) 2020, Department of Census and Statistics","funding_agencies":[{"name":"United States Department of Labor","abbreviation":"USDL","role":""}]},"distribution_statement":{"contact":[{"name":"Information Unit","affiliation":"Department of Census & Statistics","email":"information@statistic.gov.lk","uri":"http\/\/:www.statistics.gov.lk"},{"name":"Sample Survey Division","affiliation":"Department of Census & Statistics","email":"sample.survey@statistics.gov.lk","uri":"http\/\/:www.statistics.gov.lk"}]},"series_statement":{"series_name":"Child Labor Survey [hh\/cls]"},"version_statement":{"version":"V  01"},"study_info":{"abstract":"Child labour, when the numbers are small and especially when it is not concentrated, is hardly  visible. It is observed that the traditional survey instruments, such as Population & Housing surveys  and Labour Force surveys do not fully capture such situations, as the main objectives of those  surveys are not focused on child labour issues. Therefore, to investigate all aspects of child labour,special survey approaches are required.\n\nTherefore, only a specially designed survey, employing highly trained survey enumerators, withclose monitoring could bring out the salient facts of the child labour and its related issues. The  Department of Census and Statistics (DCS) was therefore, entrusted with the task of conducting the  first survey of this nature in Sri Lanka in 1999, for the assessment of child labour and connectedissues through the project, International Program on the Elimination of Child Labour(IPEC),sponsored by the International Labour Organization (ILO). The second survey of the series was conducted in 2008\/09.\n\nMore recently, in 2015 the Government of Sri Lanka through the Ministry of Labour and Trade Union Relations, recognized the necessity to update this survey, and hence the DCS was requested  to update the earlier survey to reflect the current situation on child labour in Sri Lanka.\n\nHaving recognised the importance of this task, the DCS amidst its regular scheduled work  programs, agreed to conduct a child activity survey for Sri Lanka during the period of 2015-2016.\n\nAccordingly, during year 2015 DCS conducted some of the preliminary activities associated with  the survey such as sample design, questionnaire design, pilot survey, etc. The data collection and  the data analysis of the survey were done in 2016.\n\nAt the survey planning stage, DCS referred previous survey reports and the \u201cManual on Data  Collection through surveys\u201d prepared by the Statistical Information and Monitoring Programme on  Child Labour (SIMPOC), which is the statistical research unit of IPEC. The relevant acts,regulations and reports published on child labour activities in Sri Lanka were referred during  implementing the survey. For example, the Hazardous Occupations regulations published by the gazette of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (Extraordinary) dated 20.08.2010 was  used to define the classification of the Hazardous type of labour. The Child Activity Survey 2016 collected information of children on demographic, educational,economic activities they engage-in, day-to-day household activities (household chores), health and security as well as the attitude of parents towards the child labour.\n\nObjectives of the Survey\nThe main objective of the survey was to capture all activities children engaged in and then to  estimate the child labour situation in Sri Lanka using this information within the agreed definition  of \u201cChild Labour\u201d and considering the Act and regulations currently prevailing in the country.\n\nContent and coverage\nThe Survey questionnaire 2016, that was used to collect information from households has seven  broad sections (see annexed questionnaire at the end of the report), as listed below. The previous  survey questionnaire (2008\/2009) was further improved by including more answer options that are  possible and some new questions were introduced considering user requests.\nSection A : Demographic Characteristics of Household Members\nSection B : Activity Status of Children (for children 5 \u2013 17 years old)\nSection B1 : Current Economic Activity (for children 5 \u2013 17 years old)\nSection B2 : Unemployment (for children 5 \u2013 17 years old)\nSection B3 : Usual Economic Activity Status (for children 5 \u2013 17 years old)\nSection B4 : Housekeeping Activities\/ household chores(for children 5 \u2013 17 years old)\nSection B5 : Usual Residence of Child\u2019s Parents\nSection C : Health and Safety (for children aged 5 \u2013 17 years, who have workedat any time during last week or during last 12 months)\nSection D : Children who are living away from the household\/family(for children 5 \u2013 17 years old)\nSection E : Perception of Parents\/Guardians of the currently working child (Thisincludes all children in the age group 5 \u2013 17 years who usually live in the household and Children who are members of this household but live elsewhere. However, boarders and servants who live in the  household are not included here.)\nSection F : Housing and Household Characteristics\nSection G : Information about Migration of Household","coll_dates":[{"start":"2016-01-17","end":"2016-05-14","cycle":""}],"nation":[{"name":"Sri Lanka","abbreviation":"LKA"}],"geog_coverage":"National coverage","analysis_unit":"1. Child aged between 5 and 17 yrs\n2. Household where the child lives","universe":"Child Population in Sri Lanka","data_kind":"Sample survey data [ssd]","notes":"Survey Population\nDetailed information on children in the broad age group 5-17 years were collected in this  survey. However, as children engaged hazardous work is analysed in detail for different age groups, the relevant estimates were separately produced for respective age groups, Based on the ILO  Minimum Age Convention, 1973(no.138) child labour assumes a minimum age for light work at 12years and for minimum age for admission into regular employment at 15 years. Accordingly  estimating the global incidence of child labour the ILO uses three age categories\n(i)   5- 11 years\n(ii) 12- 14 years\n(iii)15- 17 years\nThese are the age groups considered in previous surveys and the age thresholds are linked to  primary school\/ middle school\/ minimum age of entry to employment. Also these are the age  groups used in many other countries to explain child activities. This survey enumerates the child  population through a general household sample and hence only children living in households were  covered in the survey specially to estimate child labour conditions. However, some information\nabout the children who are members of the household and live away from the household was also  collected. Thus, children living on the streets, institutions, workplace or those who have no  identified shelter were not covered in the survey."},"method":{"data_collection":{"data_collectors":[{"name":"Department  of Census  & Statistics","abbreviation":"DCS","affiliation":"Ministry of Finance"}],"sampling_procedure":"Sample Design\nAs in many other household surveys this survey also uses a multistage stratified area probability  sample design. The survey uses a two stage stratified sampling design. At the first stage, Census  Blocks (census enumeration areas) are selected as primary sampling units PSUs. The CAS 2016  uses 2500 PSUs. At the second stage, ten housing units are selected from each selected PSU as the  secondary sampling units (SSUs). The CAS 2016 uses 25000 SSUs.\n\nSampling Frame\nAt the time of the Census of Population & Housing - 2012, Sri Lanka was divided in to  approximately 65,000 census enumeration areas (called census blocks) mainly for the convenience  of Census enumeration. Before the Census enumeration, all the building units located in these  census blocks are listed and the Census was conducted by using these lists of building units   prepared at the listing stage. This completed list of census blocks is used as the sampling frame for  the household sample surveys conducted by DCS. Usually, the selected census blocks for the  survey are updated by making adjustments; in order to accommodate material changes that took  place during the period 2012 to 2014. The updated list of housing units in 2014 is used to select the\nhousing units for the CAS 2016.\n\nSample Size\nIt was proposed that, on completion of the Child Activity Survey, the estimates provided should  classify the children in major age groups (5-11 years, 12-14 years, 15-17 years) according to Rural \/Urban residency, and also that the estimates should classify the activities broadly by status of  school attendance as below;\ni.Attending school only\nii.Attending school and engaging in economic activities\niii.Attending school and engaging in housekeeping activities\niv.Attending school, engaging in economic and housekeeping activities\nv.Not attending school and engaging in economic activities only\nvi.Not attending school and engaging in housekeeping activities only\nvii.Not attending school, engaging in economic and housekeeping activities\nIn order to achieve the objectives, it was decided that the survey should be based on a national  sample of 25,000 households2. It should be noted that estimates based on sample surveys are always  subject to sampling errors and therefore, it is not possible to obtain estimates at every desired level.\nEstimates at lower geographical levels such as Province, District, Sector will be provided when  such estimates are feasible subject to the relevant sampling errors.\n\nStratification\nPrimary objective of the stratification is to improve the precision of the survey estimates. Usually,  the stratification partitions the units in the population into mutually exclusive and collectively  exhaustive subgroups or strata. Separate samples are then drawn from each stratum. In addition, the  stratification offers administrative convenience and guarantees the representation of important  survey domains and sub-populations.\nSri Lanka has twenty-five administrative Districts and DCS has a complete network with all these  Districts through the district statistics offices in each District. In many occasions, separate statistics  are required at District level for policymaking and decision making at the district level. Considering  these, as in many other household surveys the twenty-five Districts are the first level of  stratification. Under each district there are three residential sectors namely Urban, Rural and Estate.As in other countries, Urban and Rural sectors have been identified using their socio-economiccharacteristics. However, Estate is a special residential sector for Sri Lanka, which is related tocountry's formal plantation sector and the people who are living and working in these areas. In agiven district, people living in each of these three sectors could be considered to have homogeneouscharacteristics endemic to those sectors. Therefore, the second stage stratification is the sectors in  each district. Since there are twenty-five districts in the survey domain we should have 75 strata  altogether. However, there are four districts (namely Mullaitivu, Killinochchi, Monaragala andPollonnaruwa) with no identifiable Urban sector and eight districts (namely Jaffna, Mannar,Vavuniya, Mullaitivu, Killinochchi, Batticaloe, Amparan and Trincomalee) with no Estate sector.\nHence, finally sixty-three strata are identified for sample selection.\n\nPrimary Sample Allocation and Selection\nTwo thousand five hundred (2,500) Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) that is sample of 2,500 census  blocks were allocated among the 63 strata defined earlier, proportionately to the number of housing  units in each stratum (method of probability proportionate to size).\n\n\nSecondary sample selection\nHousing units are the Secondary Sampling Units (SSUs) of the survey. Ten SSUs were chosen  from each selected PSU using systematic sampling method. The random start for the selecting  process was generated through a computerized programme developed by the DCS. When the total  number of housing units in a selected PSU was fewer than 10, then all housing units in that PSU  were selected for the survey.","coll_mode":["Face-to-face [f2f]"],"research_instrument":"PAPI (Paper and Pencil Interviewing) method was used to collect data using a household  questionnaire. First the basic demographic information (Section A) of all the person living in the  sample households is recorded in the questionnaire and then the enumerator is directed to collect  the relevant information from all the children in the age group of 5-17 years, living in the  household.","coll_situation":"Field enumeration of the Child Activity Survey was carried out during the period from third week  of January 2016 to second week of May 2016. To manage office responsibilities and to minimize  fatigue among the survey staff, breaks were given at regular intervals to avoid the survey staff from  being continuously on the field for longer periods of time.\n\nAppointment of survey Staff and Training\nWith a view of completing survey field enumeration within the scheduled time period, altogether  fifteen survey teams were appointed, each consisting of five field enumerators and a supervisor.\nComplete attention was given to ensure that the staffs appointed to the survey field enumeration  (including supervisors) are experienced permanent staff members of the DCS. Training was  provided to the survey staff including supervisors, covering all the aspects of survey before the  commencement of survey fieldwork. This training was provided to the survey staff in batches and  each training program was being conducted two-day period of time. Survey field work was  commenced simultaneously in all districts of Sri Lanka, with each team covering a selected number  of districts. \n\nField Management of the Survey\n1. Managing the Logistics\nA Supervisor was appointed in charge of every survey team and it was the responsibility of the  supervisor to manage all aspects of the survey team including the supply of logistics. A vehicle was  provided for each team supervisor for the team\u2019s travelling requirements. However, members ofeach survey team were expected to have common accommodation during the survey time in orderto facilitate standard quality and consistency in the measures adopted. The supervisor was expected  to manage the logistics of the place, where the team had their common accommodation.\n2. Survey Management\nThe list containing sample housing units of the sample census blocks were issued to the supervisors, along with the maps providing directions of access to sample census blocks. It was the  responsibility of the supervisor to assign sample housing units among his\/ her team members for  enumeration and the supervisor was also expected to visit the sample housing units with the  respective team members as an observer. Supervisors had been instructed to note down the\nweaknesses of the enumerators by taking turns as an observer with each and every enumerator. At  the end of each day\u2019s work, the supervisor had to initiate discussions on the enumerators\u2019 day  performance with the view of overcoming the issues to achieve team objectives. A common place  Survey Methodology.\n of accommodation was essential for such discussions and it was also the responsibility of the  supervisor to handle, non- responding units, differed interviews etc.","act_min":"Field data collection activities of the survey were undertaken by Statistical officers and Statistical assistants under the\nsupervision of Senior Statisticians and Statisticians of the DCS.","weight":"Please refer page numbers 19  and 23 of annual report for weighting procedure.","cleaning_operations":"Field Editing and Coding\nArrangements were also made to complete the editing and coding of the field questionnaires while  the survey team was still in the field. Field enumerators took turns as the Field Editor in performing  this operation. At the end of each day\u2019s work, the supervisor reviewed the field editor\u2019s work and  the remaining issues were discussed with the other team members. However, if and when the  supervisor feels that clarification or information is required on certain situations, the supervisor was  to decide the repetitions of visits to such households in seeking clarifications or information.All these measures were adopted to maintain high quality of collected data. Senior officers of the  DCS, visited the survey teams at regular intervals to ensure the progress of the survey and they  formed a conduit to brief the Director General of Census & Statistics on the progress of the survey.","method_notes":"Data Processing\nWhen the field work including field editing and coding was completed in a given district, the  questionnaires were dispatched to the Sample Surveys Division (SSD) of the DCS. With some  minimum checking at the SSD, the field questionnaires were handed over to the staff of the data  entry and editing section of the SSD for computer data entry.\n\nComputer Data Entry\nOn average, fifteen workstations were utilized for data entering with fifteen data entry operators  under supervision of twelve statisticians in the SSD and concurrently three assistant directors in the  Data Processing Division. The software used for the preparation of the data entry program was CS  Pro version 6.3.\nTo facilitate independent verification, two separate teams of data entry operators performed data  entry. Each data entry team entered data appearing in every questionnaire independently. Then the  resulting two data entry files were compared and verified until the two data files become identical.\nIn this manner, the accuracy of the data entered had been ensured. An identified range and consistency edits also have been incorporated in the data entry program.\n\nComputer editing\nDuring data entry, the following computer edits were performed.\n(i) Checking of ID's for completion, correctness and duplication\n(ii) Checking the structure of data records for validity and necessary components (Structural edit).\n(iii) Checking the values of data fields, to ascertain whether they are in the given valid range (Range edit).\n(iv) Checking the consistency between different data fields, according to a pre specified set of rules(Consistency edit).\n\nTabulation\nTabulations required for the preparation of the survey report were obtained from data files thus  prepared to ensure the error free status and consistency. All possible actions have been taken at  different stages of the survey, as described in this chapter, to ensure that the data produced were of  the highest quality."},"analysis_info":{"response_rate":"Refer page 16 in final report of the survey.","sampling_error_estimates":"In order to achieve the objectives, it was decided that the survey should be based on a national  sample of 25,000 households. It should be noted that estimates based on sample surveys are always  subject to sampling errors and therefore, it is not possible to obtain estimates at every desired level.\nEstimates at lower geographical levels such as Province, District, Sector will be provided when  such estimates are feasible subject to the relevant sampling errors."}},"data_access":{"dataset_use":{"conf_dec":[{"txt":"Under the Statistical ordinance, micro data cannot be released with identifications for public use. Procedures are in place toensure that information relating to any particular individual person, household or undertaking will be kept strictly confidentialand will not be divulged to external parties. Information on individual or individual Household \/ establishment will not bedivulged or published in such a form that will facilitate the identification of any particular person or establishment as the data  have been collected under the Census\/Statistical ordinance, according to which the information at individual level cannot bedivulged and such information is strictly confidential.","required":"yes","form_no":"","uri":""}],"contact":[{"name":"Director General","affiliation":"Department of Census and Statistics","email":"dgcensus@statistics.gov.lk","uri":"http\/\/:www.statistics.gov.lk"}],"cit_req":"Department of Census and Statistics, Sri Lanka Child Activity  Survey - 2016, Version 1.0 of the public use dataset (January  2016), provided by the National Data Archive, Data Processing Division, www.statistics.gov.lk\"","conditions":"The dataset has been anonymized and is available as a Public Use Dataset. It is accessible to all for statistical and researchpurposes only, under the following terms and conditions:\n1. The data and other materials will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organizations without thewritten agreement.\n2. The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting ofaggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.\n3. No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and no use will be made of the identity of any person or establishmentdiscovered inadvertently.\n4. No attempt will be made to produce links among datasets provided by the Department or among data from the Department and other datasets that could identify individuals or organizations.\n5. Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports, or other publications that employ data obtained from the Department will cite the source of data in accordance with the Citation Requirement provided with each dataset.\n6. An electronic copy of all reports and publications based on the requested data will be sent to the Department\nThe following rules apply to micro data released by the Department of Census and Statistics.\n\u2022 Only the requests of Government Institutions, Recognized Universities, Students, and selected international agencies are  entertained. However, the Data users are required to strictly adhere to  the terms stipulated in the agreement form.\nAll the data requests should be made to Director General (DG) of the DCS as the sole authority of releasing data is vested  with the DG, DCS. DCS of Sri Lanka reserves sole right to approve or reject any data request made depending on the  confidential nature of the data set and intended purpose of the study or analysis.\n\u2022 Requests for micro data should be made through the agreement form designed by DCS for this purpose (Form D.R.1). The agreement form should be filled in triplicate and the Study\/project proposal should accompany the filled agreement form. If  requests are made for the micro data of more than one survey, a separate agreement should be signed.\n\u2022 If the data request is from a student a letter from the respective Dept. Head\/Dean\/Supervisor, recommending the issue of  data, should also be accompanied.\n\u2022 The released Data file should be used only for the specific study\/Analysis mentioned in the agreement form and shall notbe used for any other purpose without the prior approval of the Director General of the DCS. Moreover, Copies of the microdata file, obtained from the DCS, shall not be given to anyone else without the prior written approval of the Director General of the DCS.\n\u2022 The draft report of the Study\/Analysis should be submitted to the DCS and the concurrence of the DG, DCS, should be  obtained before publishing it. Once published, a copy of the final report should be submitted to the DCS.\n[Department : The Department of Census and Statistics] Source : http:\/\/www.statistics.gov.lk\/databases\/data%20dissemination\/DataDissaPolicy_2007Oct26.pdf","disclaimer":"The Department of Census and Satatistics bears no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the secondary  use of the data."}}},"schematype":"survey"}