{"doc_desc":{"title":"Crop Estimating Survey on Paddy (Yala) - 2011","idno":"DDI-LKA-DCS-CESP[Y]-2011-v1.0","producers":[{"name":"Department of Census and Statistics","abbreviation":"DCS","affiliation":"Ministry Of Finance and Planning","role":"Conducting the survey"}],"prod_date":"2009-09-10","version_statement":{"version":"Version 1.0 (2009)"}},"study_desc":{"title_statement":{"idno":"LKA-DCS-CESP[Y]-2011-v1.0","title":"Crop Estimating Survey on Paddy (Yala) - 2011","alt_title":"CESP[Y] 2011"},"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Department of Census and Statistics","affiliation":"Ministry of Finance and Planning"}],"production_statement":{"copyright":"(c) 2011, Department of Census and Statistics","funding_agencies":[{"name":"Government of Sri Lanka","abbreviation":"GOSL","role":""}]},"distribution_statement":{"contact":[{"name":"Director General","affiliation":" Department of Census and Statistics","email":"dgcensus@sltnet.lk","uri":"http:\/\/www.statistics.gov.lk\/"},{"name":"Agriculture and Environment Statistics Division","affiliation":" Department of Census and Statistics","email":"agriculture@statistics.gov.lk","uri":"http:\/\/www.statistics.gov.lk\/agriculture\/index.htm"},{"name":"Information Unit","affiliation":" Department of Census and Statistics","email":"information@statistics.gov.lk","uri":"http:\/\/www.statistics.gov.lk\/"}]},"series_statement":{"series_name":"Agricultural Survey [ag\/oth]","series_info":"This survey was started in the year 1950. It is conducted in Yala and Maha seasons with a view to estimate the average yield of paddy and production by District.  In a Maha season about 6000 and in a Yala season about 4000 experiments are being conducted for this survey and it is the only source to estimate the country's paddy production. The findings are essential to calculate various important figures such as volume of additional rice requirement of the country to be imported\n\nThis survey is carried out in each season of a cultivation year to collect the paddy extent under categories namely;\n\nAsweddumized Extent\nSown Extent\nHarvested Extent \n\nPaddy extent is estimated on the basis of complete enumeration of paddy parcels in the county covering both Maha and Yala seasons. \n\nAll these variables are being collected through a form known as P1. The extent categories are again classified by type of irrigation namely;\n\nMajor Irrigation Schemes\nMinor Irrigation Schemes\nRain-fed"},"version_statement":{"version":"V1.0: Full edited dataset, original version for internal DPD Use","version_date":"2009-09-10"},"study_info":{"topics":[{"topic":"agricultural, forestry and rural industry [2.1]","vocab":"CESSDA","uri":"http:\/\/www.nesstar.org\/rdf\/common"}],"abstract":"Crop estimating survey on paddy which is popularly known as \"Crop Cutting Survey\" commenced in the year 1950. It is conducted in Maha and Yala season with a view to estimate the average yield of paddy and production by District. In a Maha season about 6,000 and in a Yala season about 4,000 experiments are being conducted for this survey and it is the only source to estimate the country's paddy production. Policy Planners are benefited by these data in numerous ways for taking the decisions such as volume of additional rice requirement of the country to be imported in time, evaluation of extension programs undertaken to uplift the average yields of paddy, pricing policies of rice, mobilization of stocks from one place to another and many more. Therefore, it is a great responsibility  to estimate paddy production accurately and timely to fulfill the national requirement.\n\nField staff attached to each District has been entrusted with many responsibilities on various data collection activities and among them, method of data collection for crop cutting is different from the other surveys. This survey is associated with an objective approach; as such crop cutting officers should carry out experiments in the field by themselves. According to the standard procedure, the crop cutting officer must visit the selected paddy field and they should follow a number of steps such as; demarcate the specified plot of land equivalent to 16' \u00bd'' X 16' 1\/2\" (a paddy land of one perch of an acre), harvest the crop of the plot, thresh the grain, measure the grain using standard set of seers and finally report the results through the prescribed form CC3. \n\n-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\nSpecial remarks - effective from 2005\/2006 Maha Season\n\nIn order to perform these steps, Crop Cutting Officers should get the fullest co-operation from selected farmers. According to the available information, the whole process of conducting such an experiment takes around three hours. Also, all steps are being performed manually in many occasions. It is obvious that the crop cutting is a laborious procedure at present. Considering the volume of work and practical difficulties which could affect negatively, it is a must to introduce an updated method in order to maintain the quality of data. Some of the suggestions to overcome this burden are as follows.\n\n(1) Reduce the volume and time of involvement of the officers \n(2) Introduce modern equipment to thresh the grain or assess the paddy yield of the plot. \n(3) Replace the current methodology with an alternative survey procedure. \n\nAs an initial step, the Agriculture Division of DCS in line with above suggestion noted in (1) a pilot survey has been conducted in Kegalle District in the 2005\/06 Maha season. This was extended to Matara and Kurunegala Districts during the Maha 2007\/08, by reducing the experimental plot size to half of that of the standard plot which is used at present. Now, the Agriculture Division is statistically testing the results of the pilot survey against the results of the standard survey conducted hitherto. If there is no significant difference between these two, the new plot size would be introduced in the near future.\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nConcepts, Definitions and Classifications associated with Crop Estimation of Paddy Survey\n\nSeasons - In Sri Lanka there are two major cultivation seasons associated with two monsoons and they are known as Maha season and Yala Season.\n\nMaha Season is the main season associated with North-east monsoons effective during September - April in the following year. When a particular crop is planted and harvested during this period is known to be Maha Crop.\n\nYala season is the secondary season which is associated with South-west monsoons effective during the period between May to September. When a particular crop is planted and harvested during this period is known to be Yala Crop.\n\nMode of Irrigation\nThere are three type of irrigations related with paddy cultivation. They are (1). Major Irrigation schemes  (2). Minor Irrigation schemes (3). Rain-fed schemes.\n\nMajor Irrigation schemes defined to be an irrigated scheme of which water is fed to more than 200 acres otherwise it defines as a Minor Irrigation scheme. \n\nRain-fed is defined, if the cultivated extent is purely depending on rain water in absence of permanent water tank or reservoir.   \n \nVolume of Production is reported in Metric Tons.\nAverage Yield per acre or Hectare:  An Indicator of productivity per area unit (2.471 acres = 1 hectare while 1 hectare is equal to 1,000 square meters) estimated through crop cutting survey. Average yield per acre is reported in Bushels while per hectare is reported in Kgs.  \n\nAverage yield is expressed in terms of Paddy (grain with the husk form but not in Rice form)\n\nArea Harvested refers to the gross area of which the harvest is gathered excluding the area damaged due to different causes.\n\nGross Area refers to the extent of which reported by enumerators or respondents based on cultivated extent estimated by seed rates but not based on cadastral surveys while Net Area refers to the extent evolved by deducting the extent set a part for bunds and ridges.\n \nProduction for a year should consider to be the sum of the production of Maha season and Yala season. For instance the production of the year 2005 is to be the sum of 2004\/05 Maha season and Yala season of 2005.","coll_dates":[{"start":"2011-01-01","end":"2011-12-31","cycle":"Yala"}],"nation":[{"name":"Sri Lanka","abbreviation":"LKA"}],"geog_coverage":"National Coverage","analysis_unit":"Paddy land Parcel 16 1\/2\" X 16 1\/2\", Where smaller experimental plot sizes are used in terraced fields, the actual length and breadth of these plots should be deducted.","universe":"The survey covered a random sample from all the paddy lands in Sri Lanka","data_kind":"Sample survey data [ssd]","notes":"Geographical information\nPaddy parcel information \nSystem of tenure\nMethod of preparation of land\nVariety of seed\nMethod of sowing\nApplication of Fertilizer\nWeeding\nInsects\/Fungus control\nAdverse affects on crop\nYield"},"method":{"data_collection":{"data_collectors":[{"name":"","abbreviation":"","affiliation":""}],"sampling_procedure":"Sampling Design: The sampling design adopted in the survey is a stratified multistage sampling method where DS Divisions were treated as strata and mode of irrigation schemes namely; Major, Minor, and Rain-fed as sub strata. Number of villages to be selected for crop cutting experiments in each scheme is decided on the basis of the following proportions.\n\nAcreage sown in the previous corresponding season\tNumber of villages to be selected\t\n< 500 Acres\t                                                                                                    3\t\n500      - <1000 Acres\t                                                                                    5\t\n1000    - < 5000 Acres \t                                                                                  10\t\n5000    - < 10,000 Acres                           \t                                                  15\t\n10,000 -  < 15,000 Acres\t                                                                                  20\t\n15,000 - <  20,000 Acres\t                                                                                  25\t\n 20,000 Acres and above\t                                                                                  30\t\n\nThough the recommended design is such, considering the sampling variances occurred during the previous seasons, the number of experimental villages to be selected is being curtailed in order to keep the number of villages within a range of 3,000 for a Maha season and 2,000 for a Yala season in a year.  Other reasons for such restrictions were related to practical aspects like cost of the survey and number of personnel that could be deployed to carry out crop cuttings.   \n\nIn each selected village two crop cutting experiments are conducted. The whole procedure in conducting the experiment is stated in detail in the manual of Crop Cutting Experiments prepared by the Agriculture Division. At present the sample villages and the parcels are selected at random. However, prior to 1980, selection of villages as well as parcels was done at random with probability proportional to the area cultivated during the previous corresponding season with replacement. As the procedure was somewhat laborious and time consuming, it was replaced with the present system i.e.  both stages at random. Sample villages are selected in the head office while the selections of parcels are done at the respective Districts.\n\nControlling of Non-sampling Errors: In view of the accuracy of the experimental results, a sample of 1\/5 of selected villages are to be supervised by executive officers\/District Heads identified from the District such as DS\/GA, Divisional Secretary, Director\/Deputy Director of Agriculture, Deputy Commissioners of Agrarian Development in addition to the Senior Staff of DCS attached to the District. Spot  checks are to be performed by them by visiting the sample villages.       \n\nEstimation of Average Yield of Paddy\nAverage yield of paddy per acre\/hectare by mode of irrigation and by District is being estimated through an objective survey which is popularly known as crop cutting survey on paddy. This has been initiated in 1950 and the methodology introduced by Dr. Koshal, Statistician of FAO (an Indian expert) under the assistance of FAO. From time to time some modifications have been introduced and the procedure is still in operation to estimate the paddy production  in each season.","coll_mode":["Face-to-face [f2f]"],"research_instrument":"The questionnaire is Form C.C.3 printed in Sinhala\/English  and Tamil\/English  languages.   It has three parts. \n\nPart I is about the geographical and Paddy land parcel information. \n\nPart II includes System of tenure, Method of preparation of land, Variety of seed, Method of sowing, Application of Fertilizer, Weeding, Insecticides, Fungicides, Adverse affects on crop. \n\nPart III Collects yield information. \n\nIn the questionnaire the above information is recorded  for two parcels selected for the survey.  The same Form C.C.3 is used to collect data for both Yala and Maha seasons. Maha Season falls during \"North-east monsoon\" from September to March in the following year. Yala season is effective during the period from May to end of August.","coll_situation":"Crop Cutting Officers: Once the list of villages are transmitted to the Statistics Branch of the respective District, the Head of the Division Deputy Director\/Senior Statistician\/Statistician has to identify the crop cutting officers who are to be suitable for conducting these experiments in the selected villages. Guideline is to choose them preferably out of the field officers attached to the respective DS Divisions who are related to the discipline of agriculture such as Agricultural Officers\/Agricultural Instructors of the Ministry of Agriculture, Divisional Officers of Department of Agrarian Development, Colonization Officers, etc. in addition to the Range Statistical Officers of DCS. Range Statistical Officers should undertake at least three experiments in his range. The direction is to discuss this matter in the District Agriculture Committee Meeting (DAC) held once in a month chaired by District Secretary\/Government Agent and then assign the villages in concurrence with the DS\/GA\n\nThe Statistical officer (SO) or the Agriculture Instructor (AI) in the area visits the selected paddy land along with the farmer and cuts the crop in the demarcated area. The crop is measured in Seers then and there and the yield is recorded. Then in the same way yield for the other parcel is recorded. The crop collected for measuring is returned to the farmer. In addition to the yield recorded in this manner, other relevant information requested in the form C.C.3  has to be collected . \n\nAncillary Information: When crop cuttings are done in the field, in addition to sample fields selected for crop cuttings, an extra set of sample (four parcels) fields are selected to collect ancillary information related to the paddy crop viz. usage inputs, system of tenure, variety of seed, etc. Along with the final estimates on production and average yield the estimated extent related to the above characteristics are being disseminated.","act_min":"\u201cAgricultural Research and Production Assistants (ARPO) earlier known as \u201cGovi Sevana Niyamakas\u201d of Agrarian Development Department attached to Agrarian Service Centers do play the role of  \u201cPrimary Reporters\u201d  to report the extent in P1 form which is parcel-wise enumeration of all paddy growing parcels.\n\n They list out the area Asweddumized, Sown and Harvested in Maha and Yala seasons at village\/Yaya,Tract\/Kandam in the prescribed form. Here the \u201cpaddy parcel\u201d is defined to be piece\/plot of land cultivated by one individual farmer or group of farmers jointly surrounded by another paddy parcel cultivated by another individual farmer or group of farmers or any land cultivated with crops other than paddy or uncultivated land such as road, stream etc. \n\nThe paddy extent  thus enumerated is summarized by Village\/Yaya\/Tract\/Kandam and transferred  to the form known as P2 which gives the aggregate extent under paddy by above categories and by irrigation modes at GN division level and by DS level. This form is prepared by the Range Statistical Officer attached to a particular DS. During the Yala season the sown and harvested extents are recorded while asweddumized extent is updated, only if there occurs a change.  \n\nHowever, it is to be noted that the Districts where ARPOs are not appointed, Grama Niladaris (GNN) are still acting as primary reporters for the collection of paddy statistics as well as other agricultural statistics. This is specifically true for Northern and Eastern Provinces. \n\nThe aggregate extent prepared for DS level leads to the compilation of paddy extent at various higher levels such as District and All Island Level. It is important to note that the extent reported\/listed in the P1 form is the \u201cGross Extent\u201d since the extent of most of the paddy parcels are not based on any cadastral survey  or measures, but  reported extent are  based on seed rates or traditional measurement or guesstimates as per the  knowledge of respective farmers. This gross extent is ultimately converted  to net-extent by applying correction factors which were determined at  District level through a land measurement survey carried out by means of  a sample of paddy parcels with the assistance of the Survey General Department in 1970s.  \n\nThe list prepared by the primary reporters in the P1 form acts as the basis for the selection of sample of paddy parcels while the list of paddy growing villages compiled in the P2 form acts the basis to select villages for the National Crop Cutting Survey on Paddy conducted by the Agriculture and Environment Statistics Division of DCS.","method_notes":"Average yield per acre\/hectare of paddy is estimated at the Head quarters in Colombo, based on the crop cutting sample data received from the Districts using a DBASE program and SPSS software customized  for this purpose by the Agriculture and Environment Statistics Division of DCS. Prior to final processing manual coding, verifications of data entries and checking outliers are performed\n\nData in the From C.C.3 are entered District-wise by about 10 Data Entry Operators \/ Coding Clerks into a dBase III database.  Then the databases they generate are merged to get the total file for the survey. This file which is in dbase form is imported to SPSS to produce standard tables."},"analysis_info":{"sampling_error_estimates":"Formulae needed to calculate Avg. Yield & Variance for a given Stratum is available in the External Resource Section."}},"data_access":{"dataset_use":{"conf_dec":[{"txt":"Under the Statistical ordinance, micro data cannot be released with identifications for public use. Procedures are in place to ensure that information relating to any particular individual person, household or undertaking will be kept strictly confidential and will not be divulged to external parties. Information on individual or individual Household\/establishment will not be divulged or published in such a form that will facilitate the identification of any particular person or establishment as the data have been collected under the Census\/Statistical ordinance, according to which the information at individual level cannot be divulged and such information is strictly\nconfidential.","required":"yes","form_no":"","uri":""}],"contact":[{"name":"Director General","affiliation":"Department of Census and Statistics","email":"dgcensus@statistics.gov.lk","uri":"http:\/\/www.statistics.gov.lk"}],"cit_req":"Department of Census and Statistics, Crop Estimation Survey on Paddy [Yala] 2008  [CESP(Y)2008], Version 1.0 of the internal use dataset September, 2009  provided by the National Data Archive, Data Processing Division, www.statistics.gov.lk\"","conditions":"The dataset has been anonymized and is available as a Public Use Dataset. It is  accessible to all for statistical and research purposes only, under the following terms and conditions:\n\n1. The data and other materials will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organizations without the written agreement.\n \n2. The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.\n \n3. No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and no use will be made of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently. \n \n4. No attempt will be made to produce links among datasets provided by the Department  or among data from the Department and other datasets that could identify individuals or organizations. \n\n5. Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports, or other publications that employ data obtained from the Department will cite the source of data in accordance with the Citation Requirement provided with each dataset. \n\n6. An electronic copy of all reports and publications based on the requested data will be sent to the Department  \n\nThe following rules apply to micro data released by the Department of Census and Statistics.\n\n\u2022 Only the requests of Government Institutions, Recognized Universities, Students, and selected international agencies are entertained. However, the Data users are required to strictly adhere to the terms stipulated in the agreement form.\n\n\u2022 All the data requests should be made to Director General (DG) of the DCS as the sole authority of releasing data is vested with the DG of the DCS. The DCS of Sri Lanka reserves sole right to approve or reject any data request made depending on the confidential nature of the data set and intended purpose of the study or analysis.\n\n\u2022 Requests for micro data should be made through the agreement form designed by DCS for this purpose (Form D.R.1). The agreement form should be filled in triplicate and the Study\/project proposal should accompany the filled agreement form. If requests are made for the micro data of more than one survey, a separate agreement should be signed.\n\n\u2022 If the data request is from a student a letter from the respective Dept. Head\/Dean\/Supervisor, recommending the issue of data, should also be accompanied.\n\n\u2022 If the request is approved only 25% of the data file is released at the first stage. The release of the total data file is considered only after reviewing the draft report prepared on the basis of the 25% sample data file.\n\n\u2022 The released Data file should be used only for the specific study\/Analysis mentioned in the agreement form and shall not be used for any other purpose without the prior approval of the Director General of the DCS. Moreover, Copies of the micro-data file, obtained from the DCS, shall not be given to anyone else without the prior written approval of the Director General of the DCS.\n\n\u2022 The draft report of the Study\/Analysis should be submitted to the DCS and the concurrence of the DG of the DCS, should be obtained before publishing it. Once published, a copy of the final report should be submitted to the DCS.\n\n[Department : The Department of Census and Statistics (DCS)]\n\n\nSource : http:\/\/www.statistics.gov.lk\/databases\/data dissemination\/DataDissaPolicy_2007Oct26.pdf","disclaimer":"The Department of Census and Statistics bears no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the secondary use of the data."}}},"schematype":"survey"}